Tuesday, June 26, 2012

The Chabacano dialect of the Philippines


I've met many people from the Philippines over the years that have a Spanish accent and I've always wondered why. The answer is simple; one of the languages spoken, along with Tagalog, is Chabacano or Creole Spanish.

The word "Chabacano" is derived from the Spanish word meaning vulgar or rude, so native speakers often refer to it as “Chavacano” or according to the location where it is spoken-Zamboangueño, Caviteño, Ternateño and the like.

This language is the only Spanish based Creole language spoken in the Philippines and has six dialects. Like all languages, these dialects were formed out of necessity. Today, the speakers of Chabacano speakers are a small minority usually found in Ternate, Cavite and Cavite City.

Chabacano is a type of Creole (a language that is formed when two or more languages mix together). It contains a large amount of Spanish vocabulary but does not follow Spanish gender rules and is also influenced by the local Filipino languages. The Chabacano grammar is based largely on Tagalog and Cebuano.

On June 23, 1635, Zamboanga became a permanent foothold of the Spanish government known as San José Fort. Language and cultural differences made it impossible for intertribal communication. To add to this, work instructions were issued in Spanish.

Since the majority of the natives did not speak Spanish, a lingua franca (a language that is adopted as a common language between speakers whose native languages are different) developed and became a full-fledged language still in use today, mainly in Zamboanga City.

Differences and similarities between Spanish and Chabacano can be seen below (thanks to Wikipedia):

Donde tu hay anda?
Spanish: ¿Adónde vas?
(‘Where are you going?’)
Ya mirá yo con José.
Spanish: Yo vi a José.
(‘I saw José.’)
Ele ya empezá buscá que buscá con el sal.
Spanish: El/Ella empezó a buscar la sal en todas partes.
(‘He/She began to search everywhere for the salt.’)
Ele ya andá na escuela.
Spanish: El/Ella se fue a la escuela.
(‘He/She went to school.’)


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